Left Ventricular Function After Repair of Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

Poor left ventricular (LV) growth and diastolic dysfunction long after simple total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair has been well documented and is believed to originate from insufficient preoperative volume preload. The objective of the study was to confirm these findings.

Of 61 patients undergoing simple TAPVC repair between 1996 and 2016, 42 patients undergoing postoperative catheter examinations were enrolled. The mean age at the time of repair was 39 ± 117 days. Postoperative catheter examinations were conducted at a mean duration of 1.1 years after the repair. LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was calculated by biplane cineangiography with the use of Simpson's method as a Graham modification.

LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and cardiac index were 72% ± 5%, 10.3 ± 2.7 mm Hg, and 4.0 ± 0.7 L •·min^-1 • m^-2, respectively. LVEDV was 102% ± 16% of the predictive normal value, and it strongly correlated with the predictive normal value of LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) calculated by two-dimensional echocardiography (R² = 0.29, p = 0.005). LVEDd maintained a normal range thereafter during the entire follow-up period. LVEDP correlated linearly with age at the time of TAPVC repair (R² = 0.18, p = 0.007) but not with LVEDV (p = 0.67).

LV size maintained a normal range after the repair of simple TAPVC. High LVEDP was frequently observed a year after repair; it did not correlate with LV size but had a strong negative correlation with age at the time of repair.