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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Primary versus trauma-induced Gorham-Stout disease.

N Tanoue1, L Moedano1, M Witte1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona USA.

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|September 25, 2018
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Summary

Gorham-Stout disease, or disappearing bone disease, may present as two distinct entities: multifocal bone lesions often linked with lymphangiomatosis, or a single-bone form following trauma. These forms differ in presentation, complications like chylothorax, and require tailored treatments.

Keywords:
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD)disappearing bone diseasegeneralized lymphangiomatosis (GLA)lymphangiogenesisosteolysistrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Gorham-Stout disease (GSD), or disappearing bone disease, has historically been viewed as a single entity.
  • This review analyzes 212 reported cases to delineate distinct GSD subtypes based on clinical and historical data.

Observation:

  • Analysis of 76 detailed cases revealed two potential GSD classifications.
  • One type presents with multifocal bone lesions, often associated with generalized lymphangiomatosis (GLA).
  • The second type is typically self-limited, initiated by trauma, and confined to a single bone or adjacent areas.

Findings:

  • Multifocal GSD is more frequently associated with chylothorax compared to the single-bone, post-traumatic form.
  • The two identified GSD entities exhibit distinct demographic distributions, clinical histories, and manifestations.
  • These subtypes follow divergent clinical courses, suggesting different prognoses.

Implications:

  • Recognizing distinct GSD entities necessitates tailored monitoring and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into the pathological and molecular differences between GSD subtypes is crucial.
  • Differentiating GSD forms can improve patient management and therapeutic outcomes.