Gas-solid reaction based over one-micrometer thick stable perovskite films for efficient solar cells and modules

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy

Background:

• Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for commercialization due to high efficiency.
• Stability and reproducibility are critical challenges for PSC commercialization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a simple perovskite formation method for fabricating stable and reproducible PSCs.
• To improve the performance and scalability of PSCs.

Main Methods:

• A fast gas-solid reaction between chlorine-incorporated hydrogen lead triiodide and methylamine gas was used.
• Fabrication of thick perovskite films (>1 μm) under ambient conditions.
• Characterization of film properties (coverage, crystallinity, roughness, thickness variation) and device performance.

Main Results:

• Thick, smooth, and uniform chlorine-incorporated perovskite films with improved crystallinity and low surface roughness were obtained.
• Average power conversion efficiency of 19.1 ± 0.4% for PSCs with good reproducibility.
• Active area efficiency of 15.3% for 5 cm × 5 cm solar modules.
• Un-encapsulated PSCs demonstrated a T80 lifetime exceeding 1600 hours under continuous operation.

Conclusions:

• The developed method offers a simple and effective route to produce high-quality perovskite films for efficient and stable PSCs.
• The method shows potential for scalable manufacturing of perovskite solar modules.
• The enhanced stability and reproducibility are significant advancements towards the commercialization of PSC technology.