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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Coordination-Responsive Longitudinal Relaxation Tuning as a Versatile MRI Sensing Protocol for Malignancy Targets.

Kun Zhang1,2, Yu Cheng3, Weiwei Ren1

  • 1Department of Medical Ultrasound Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital and Ultrasound Research and Education Institute Tongji University School of Medicine 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road Shanghai 200072 P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method using manganese ions to detect cancer biomarkers via MRI. This technique offers a novel way to monitor tumor microenvironments and aid in cancer diagnosis.

Keywords:
T1‐weighted MRIbiological targetscoordination‐dependent longitudinal relaxation tuningpore diametersspatial structures

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Tumor microenvironment biomarkers (e.g., acidity, H2O2, hypoxia) are crucial for cancer progression but challenging to monitor.
  • Existing monitoring methods for these biomarkers are limited in specificity and generality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel sensing principle for biological targets within tumor microenvironments.
  • To enable sensitive and specific detection of cancer-related molecules using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Main Methods:

  • Established a coordination-dependent longitudinal relaxation tuning (CLRT) mechanism using manganese (Mn2+) donor-acceptor pairs in nanoscale probes.
  • Utilized differences in coordination ability and spatial structure to enable biological targets to displace Mn2+ acceptors.
  • Demonstrated CLRT's dependence on Mn2+ donor coordination, spatial structure, and donor carrier pore diameter.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected specific cancer biomarkers, including hyaluronic acid and glutathione, using the CLRT-based MRI approach.
  • Showcased the potential for quantitative measurement of hyaluronic acid.
  • Validated the specificity and generality of the CLRT sensing principle.

Conclusions:

  • CLRT provides a novel and versatile sensing platform for exploring diverse biological systems.
  • This MRI-based method offers a promising tool for advancing cancer diagnostics and monitoring.