Multilayer ReS₂ Photodetectors with Gate Tunability for High Responsivity and High-Speed Applications

Rhenium disulfide (ReS₂) is an attractive candidate for photodetection applications owing to its thickness-independent direct band gap. Despite various photodetection studies using two-dimensional semiconductors, the trade-off between responsivity and response time under varying measurement conditions has not been studied in detail. This report presents a comprehensive study of the architectural, laser power and gate bias dependence of responsivity and speed in supported and suspended ReS₂ phototransistors. Photocurrent scans show uniform photogeneration across the entire channel because of enhanced optical absorption and a direct band gap in multilayer ReS₂. A high responsivity of 4 A W^-1 (at 50 ms response time) and a low response time of 20 μs (at 4 mA W^-1 responsivity) make this one of the fastest reported transition-metal dichalcogenide photodetectors. Occupancy of intrinsic (bulk ReS₂) and extrinsic (ReS₂/SiO₂ interface) traps is modulated using gate bias to demonstrate tunability of the response time (responsivity) over 4 orders (15×) of magnitude, highlighting the versatility of these photodetectors. Differences in the trap distributions of suspended and supported channel architectures, and their occupancy under different gate biases enable switching the dominant operating mechanism between either photogating or photoconduction. Further, a new metric that captures intrinsic photodetector performance by including the trade-off between its responsivity and speed, besides normalizing for the applied bias and geometry, is proposed and benchmarked for this work.