Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
05:47
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to the Unilateral Hemisphere of Rat Brain
Published on: October 22, 2016
13.0K
Repetitive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Induces Quantified Changes in Resting Cerebral Perfusion Measured from
Matthew S Sherwood1,2, Aaron T Madaris1,2, Casserly R Mullenger1
1Infoscitex, a DCS company, 4027 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Beavercreek, OH 45431, USA.
Neural Plasticity
|September 27, 2018
Summary
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) of the left prefrontal cortex impacts brain perfusion. Active stimulation led to less perfusion decrease than sham, originating in the locus coeruleus and spreading to the neocortex.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Science
- Neuromodulation
Background:
- Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is increasingly used to enhance neural activity.
- Left prefrontal cortex TES shows cognitive effects, but underlying neural mechanisms are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of repetitive TES on cerebral perfusion.
- To explore the neural mechanisms behind TES-induced cognitive effects.
Main Methods:
- Repetitive TES applied to the left prefrontal cortex over three days.
- Cerebral perfusion measured using arterial spin labeling before and after stimulation.
- Comparison between active stimulation and sham stimulation groups.
Main Results:
- Active TES group showed significantly less decrease in cerebral perfusion compared to the sham group.
- Perfusion changes originated in the locus coeruleus and were distributed throughout the neocortex.
- Findings suggest altered locus coeruleus activity influences the noradrenergic system.
Conclusions:
- Anodal left prefrontal TES modulates locus coeruleus activity.
- Altered locus coeruleus activity may excite the noradrenergic system, explaining reported behavioral effects.
- This study elucidates a potential neural pathway for TES-induced cognitive enhancement.
Related Concept Videos
01:21The Resting Membrane Potential
142.8K
Overview
142.8K
01:28Induced Electric Dipoles
4.8K
A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
4.8K
01:23Induced Electric Fields
4.6K
The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
4.6K
01:27Induced Electric Fields: Applications
2.7K
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
2.7K
01:24Resting Membrane Potential
21.9K
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
21.9K
01:08NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling
3.2K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.2K