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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study
Published on: March 31, 2022
Targeted Ocular Drug Delivery with Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Considerations
Jie Shen1, Guang Wei Lu2, Patrick Hughes3
1Clinical Pharmacology, Nonclinical and Translational Sciences, Allergan, Plc, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, California, 92612, USA. shen_jie@allergan.com.
Abstract:
The development of ophthalmic drug delivery systems is a long and comprehensive process including research, nonclinical, and clinical development stages. It is critical to understand the similarity and differences between animal models and patients. There are many anatomically and physiologically important parameters for targeted drug delivery into eyes. This paper reviews the constraints to various routes of ocular drug delivery and discusses the respective pharmacokinetic considerations, to lay the foundation for formulation approaches pharmaceutical scientists can use to maximize successful drug delivery for each route. The overall goal is to give both researchers and drug developers a better understanding of ocular drug delivery and offer tools to successfully develop new medicines that will fulfil unmet medical needs and improve patients' quality of life.
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