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On the Difference Between Numerosity Processing and Number Processing.

Anne H van Hoogmoed1,2, Evelyn H Kroesbergen1,3

  • 1Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

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|September 28, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Approximate Number System (ANS) theory and its mapping account are challenged. This study found non-symbolic number processing depends on visual features, not numerosity, and task format influences symbolic number processing, contradicting the ANS mapping account.

Keywords:
ANS mapping accountERPnon-symbolicnumber processingquantity processingvisual properties

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Numerical Cognition

Background:

  • The Approximate Number System (ANS) theory and ANS mapping account are leading theories of numerical processing.
  • Recent research has questioned the validity of these established theories.
  • This study investigates core assumptions of both the ANS theory and the ANS mapping account.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the ANS theory's prediction of an early distance effect for non-symbolic numerosity.
  • To examine the ANS mapping account's assumption that symbolic numbers are mapped to non-symbolic representations.
  • To investigate whether non-symbolic number processing differs between purely non-symbolic and symbolic-to-non-symbolic mapping tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 21 participants.
  • Participants completed four same-different match-to-sample tasks.
  • Tasks involved non-symbolic stimuli, symbolic stimuli, or a combination (mapping tasks), with controlled visual features.

Main Results:

  • No distance effect for numerosity was observed in the non-symbolic task; instead, an early distance effect for visual area was found.
  • Processing of non-symbolic numerosities differed significantly between purely non-symbolic and mapping tasks.
  • ERP waveforms were not similar across tasks, contradicting the ANS mapping account's core premise.

Conclusions:

  • Non-symbolic number processing appears to be influenced by visual properties rather than solely by numerosity.
  • The task format critically affects how non-symbolic numbers are processed.
  • Findings provide evidence against the ANS theory and the ANS mapping account, suggesting a need for alternative explanations.