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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

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Circular RNAs in Blood.

Angela Vea1, Vicenta Llorente-Cortes1,2,3, David de Gonzalo-Calvo4,5,6

  • 1Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of non-coding RNA, are abundant in blood. This review explores their biology, clinical potential as biomarkers, and therapeutic applications in blood cells and cell-free components.

Keywords:
BloodCircular RNAExtracellular vesiclesPlasmaSerum

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered class of non-coding RNA molecules formed through backsplicing.
  • They are characterized by a covalently closed structure, high stability, and longer half-lives compared to linear RNAs.
  • Thousands of circRNAs have been identified across various human cell types, exhibiting evolutionary conservation and cell-specific expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of circRNA biology within human blood cells and the cell-free compartment, including extracellular vesicles.
  • To discuss the emerging potential of blood-based circRNAs as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To explore the therapeutic applications of circRNAs in the context of blood-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on circRNA identification and characterization.
  • Analysis of bioinformatic data related to circRNA expression in blood.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding the stability, abundance, and biological roles of circRNAs in blood.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs are notably abundant in the bloodstream, both within blood cells and in the cell-free fraction.
  • Their stability and specific expression patterns suggest significant biological functions.
  • Extracellular vesicles are identified as a key mechanism for circRNA transport and communication.

Conclusions:

  • Blood circRNAs represent a promising source for non-invasive biomarkers due to their stability and accessibility.
  • Further research into circRNA mechanisms could unlock novel therapeutic strategies targeting blood disorders.
  • Future studies should focus on validating circRNAs as clinical biomarkers and developing targeted circRNA-based therapies.