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Thoracic manifestations of AIDS.

J J Hollerman, M A Bernstein, G H Beute

    American Family Physician
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pulmonary disease is a major cause of death in hospitalized patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Common pathogens include Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, often coexisting with Kaposi

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pulmonology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Hospitalized patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) frequently develop pulmonary complications.
    • Pulmonary pathology significantly contributes to mortality in this patient population.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify common pulmonary pathogens and neoplasms in hospitalized AIDS patients.
    • To understand the relationship between infections and neoplasms in the thoracic cavity of AIDS patients.
    • To assess the utility of chest radiography in diagnosing Pneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 67 hospitalized AIDS patients.
    • Review of clinical data, including pulmonary pathology and causes of death.
    • Identification of common infectious agents and malignancies.

    Main Results:

    • 39 out of 67 hospitalized AIDS patients had pulmonary pathology.
    • Over half of patients with pulmonary pathology died from pulmonary disease.
    • Common pathogens included Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.
    • Kaposi's sarcoma was the most frequent neoplasm.
    • Coexistence of infections and neoplasms was common.
    • Chest radiographs were not always indicative of active Pneumocystis pneumonia.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death in hospitalized AIDS patients.
    • A spectrum of opportunistic infections and neoplasms affect the lungs in AIDS.
    • Diagnostic challenges exist, as chest X-rays may appear normal in cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia.

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