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Engineering Platforms for T Cell Modulation.

John W Hickey¹, Alyssa K Kosmides¹, Jonathan P Schneck²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

|September 29, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineering principles are key to improving T cell therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Designing T cell modulation platforms enhances efficacy and reduces toxicity, guiding future immunotherapies.

Keywords:

Artificial antigen-presenting cells Cell engineering Combination immunotherapies Immunoengineering Immunotherapy Particles Protein engineering Scaffolds T cell Tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Immunology and Bioengineering
T cell biology and therapeutic design

Background:

T cells are vital for immune responses in cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity.
Current T cell immunotherapies face challenges including toxicity, limited efficacy, variability, and cost.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline engineering concepts and design principles for T cell modulation platforms.
To contextualize engineering tools with T cell biology for therapeutic development.
To guide immunologists, engineers, clinicians, and the pharmaceutical sector in designing T cell-targeting platforms.

Main Methods:

Focus on design principles of T cell modulation platforms: size, shape, material, and ligand choice.
Review applications of these principles in protein engineering, synthetic particles, cellular and genetic engineering, and scaffolds/surfaces.
Provide examples of how design considerations impact T cell immunotherapies and biology.

Main Results:

Engineering concepts offer solutions to overcome limitations in current T cell therapies.
Design principles are crucial for controlling T cell delivery and presentation.
Examples demonstrate the impact of design on T cell immunotherapy and understanding T cell biology.

Conclusions:

Applying engineering design principles to T cell platforms is critical for therapeutic success.
A multidisciplinary approach integrating engineering and immunology is essential for advancing T cell therapeutics.
This guide aims to facilitate the development of more effective and safer T cell-targeting strategies.