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Liposomal indocyanine green (ICG) enables enhanced second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging. This formulation provides superior deep tissue vascular visualization compared to free ICG and NIR-I imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers deep tissue penetration for real-time visualization.
  • Indocyanine green (ICG) is an FDA-approved dye with recently identified NIR-II fluorescence properties.
  • Liposomal formulations can potentially enhance the performance of imaging agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the NIR-II fluorescence properties of a liposomal ICG formulation.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of liposomal ICG for deep tissue vascular imaging in vitro and in vivo.
  • To compare liposomal ICG-based NIR-II imaging with free ICG and other imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Collected fluorescence spectra of liposomal ICG in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and plasma.
  • Performed in vitro imaging studies using an Intralipid® phantom to assess penetration depth.
  • Conducted in vivo imaging studies in animal models to visualize vascular structures in hind limb and intracranial regions, comparing with free ICG, NIR-I, MRI, and CT.

Main Results:

  • Liposomal ICG exhibited strong NIR-II fluorescence, comparable to free ICG in plasma.
  • In vitro studies showed superior performance of liposomal ICG over free ICG for deep vascular mimicking structures (≥4 mm).
  • In vivo NIR-II imaging with liposomal ICG achieved significantly higher contrast-to-noise ratios and longer visualization periods (up to 4 hours) compared to free ICG, with improved vessel conspicuity over NIR-I imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Liposomal ICG is a promising agent for enhanced NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
  • This formulation facilitates superior real-time deep tissue vascular visualization compared to conventional methods.
  • Liposomal ICG offers potential for improved diagnostic and interventional imaging applications.