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Fluorescence Imaging of DMDG-ICG Across NIR-I and NIR-II Windows Using a Single-Camera System.

Bonghwan Chon1, Mukesh P Yadav1, William Ghann2

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Near-infrared II (NIR-II) imaging offers superior spatial resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) compared to NIR-I for nanoparticle imaging. A single-camera system demonstrated NIR-II

Keywords:
DMDG-ICGICGInGaAs camera NIR-INIR-IIfluorescenceimagingsingle camera

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Optical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Near-infrared (NIR) imaging, encompassing NIR-I (800-1000 nm) and NIR-II (1000-1700 nm), traditionally uses separate cameras, hindering direct comparative analysis.
  • Evaluating NIR-I and NIR-II performance requires systems that can acquire data in both spectral windows simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a single-camera system can achieve superior spatial resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in NIR-II compared to NIR-I for nanoparticle-based imaging.
  • To assess the performance of dual-mode, dual-Gd ICG (DMDG-ICG) nanoparticles in both NIR-I and NIR-II windows.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of DMDG-ICG nanoparticles for absorption and fluorescence properties.
  • Development and utilization of a custom NIR imaging system with a single InGaAs camera for simultaneous NIR-I and NIR-II acquisition.
  • In vitro and in vivo imaging experiments, including measurements of full-width-half maximum (FWHM) and CNR in tissue-mimicking phantoms and mouse models.

Main Results:

  • DMDG-ICG nanoparticles exhibited strong fluorescence in both NIR-I and NIR-II spectral regions.
  • Increased scattering with depth and tissue layers was observed, being greater in NIR-I than NIR-II.
  • NIR-II imaging demonstrated significantly lower FWHM and higher CNR compared to NIR-I, up to 10 mm depth in Intralipid (p < 0.05, n = 3).
  • In vivo imaging of the mouse femoral artery showed a higher CNR in NIR-II compared to NIR-I (p < 0.05, n = 3).

Conclusions:

  • A single-camera system facilitates direct comparison, confirming NIR-II imaging's advantages over NIR-I.
  • NIR-II imaging provides enhanced penetration, superior spatial resolution, and improved CNR for nanoparticle-based applications.
  • These findings support the significant potential of NIR-II for advanced vascular and molecular imaging.