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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Updated: May 28, 2026

Induction of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transitions in Sarcoma Cells
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The Pro-Metastatic Roles of ROS.

Darin E Gilchrist1,2,3, Julia A Ju1, Stuart S Martin1,2,4

  • 1Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can fuel cancer metastasis by promoting tumor cell movement and survival. Understanding ROS

Keywords:
ROS detectionanoikiscancercirculating tumor cells (CTCs)epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)hydrogen peroxidehypoxiametastasisoxidative stressreactive oxygen species (ROS)

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Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
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Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Metastasis is a critical multistep process in cancer progression and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of cellular processes, including those involved in metastasis.
  • The precise role of ROS in promoting different stages of the metastatic cascade requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize recent findings on the multifaceted roles of ROS in promoting cancer metastasis.
  • To discuss novel methods for in vivo ROS detection and therapeutic strategies targeting ROS in cancer.
  • To highlight the potential of targeting ROS for novel anti-metastatic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating ROS and metastasis.
  • Analysis of recent research on ROS-mediated promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion, and cell survival.
  • Discussion of emerging in vivo ROS detection techniques and current therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • ROS excess significantly promotes key steps in metastasis, including EMT, cell migration, invasion, and survival of circulating and dormant tumor cells.
  • Specific ROS molecules and their concentration-dependent effects vary across different metastatic processes.
  • Novel detection methods and therapeutic strategies targeting ROS are under development.

Conclusions:

  • ROS play a pivotal role in facilitating cancer metastasis, impacting multiple stages of the process.
  • Targeting ROS presents a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit or prevent cancer spread.
  • Further research into ROS biology and detection is crucial for improving cancer patient outcomes.