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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays
Published on: May 15, 2018
Realtime phase-amplitude coupling analysis of micro electrode recorded brain signals
David Chao-Chia Lu1,2, Chadwick Boulay2,3, Adrian D C Chan1
1Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Objective:
To demonstrate a method to calculate phase amplitude coupling (PAC) quickly and robustly for realtime applications.
Methods:
We designed and implemented a multirate PAC algorithm with efficient filter bank processing and efficient computation of PAC for many frequency-pair combinations. We tested the developed algorithm for computing PAC on simulated data and on intraoperative neural recording data obtained during deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantation surgery.
Results:
A combination of parallelized frequency-domain filtering and modulation index for PAC estimation provided robust results that could be calculated in real time on modest computing hardware.
Conclusion:
The standard methods for calculating PAC can be optimized for quick and robust performance.
Significance:
These results demonstrated that PAC can be extracted in real time and is suitable for neurofeedback applications.
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