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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

547
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
547
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
12.1K
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

604
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
604
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

381
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
381
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

948
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
948
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

3.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Mitral Valve Surgery for Congestive Heart Failure.

Juan A Crestanello1

  • 1Senior Associate Consultant, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Heart Failure Clinics
|September 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mitral valve regurgitation, a common cause of heart failure, presents challenges in treatment. While valve repair cures primary regurgitation, functional regurgitation often requires mitral valve replacement due to high repair failure rates.

Keywords:
Congestive heart failureMitral regurgitationMitral valve diseaseMitral valve repairTranscatheter device

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Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve
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Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
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Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve
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Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Mitral valve diseases are frequent causes of congestive heart failure.
  • Chronic primary and secondary (functional) mitral valve regurgitation are the most prevalent types.
  • Management strategies vary significantly between primary and functional mitral regurgitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management of primary and functional mitral valve regurgitation.
  • To highlight the differing outcomes of valve repair for primary versus functional mitral regurgitation.
  • To discuss surgical indications for mitral valve disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current management guidelines and surgical outcomes.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for primary and functional mitral regurgitation.
  • Evaluation of indications for surgical intervention in mitral valve disease.

Main Results:

  • Valve repair effectively cures primary mitral regurgitation.
  • Mitral valve repair for functional regurgitation has high failure rates due to ventricular dysfunction.
  • Mitral valve replacement plays an increasing role in managing functional regurgitation.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention for mitral valve disease is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe disease.
  • Asymptomatic patients with severe mitral valve disease may require surgery before irreversible ventricular damage occurs.
  • Management of functional mitral regurgitation necessitates careful consideration of valve replacement due to repair limitations.