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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Management of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure
1Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK; Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LR, UK.
Abstract:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF). The presence of SDB in patients with HF appears to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this article, we describe the types, pathophysiology, and consequences of SDB and discuss ways in which SDB can be diagnosed. We also lay emphasis on the recent randomized controlled trials that have had a major impact on how SDB is managed and highlight the complex relationship between SDB and outcomes.
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