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Neonatal Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Newborns Admitted to Intensive Care after No Active Antenatal Management: A

Caroline Diguisto¹, Laurence Foix L'Helias², Andrei S Morgan³

¹Inserm UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Maternité Olympe de Gouges, Regional Univeristy Hospital, François Rabelais University, Tours, France.

The Journal of Pediatrics

|October 2, 2018

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate the association between active antenatal management and neonatal outcomes in extremely preterm newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design:

This population-based cohort study was conducted in 25 regions of France. Infants born in 2011 between 22^0/7 and 26^6/7 weeks of gestation and admitted to a NICU were included. Infants with lethal congenital malformations or death in the delivery room were excluded. A multilevel multivariable analysis was performed, accounting for clustering by mother (multiple pregnancies) and hospital plus individual characteristics, to estimate the association between the main exposure of no active antenatal management (not receiving antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, or cesarean delivery for fetal indications) and a composite outcome of death or severe neonatal morbidity (including severe forms of brain or lung injury, retinopathy of prematurity, and necrotizing enterocolitis).

Results:

Among 3046 extremely preterm births, 783 infants were admitted to a NICU. Of these, 138 (18%) did not receive active antenatal management. The risk of death or severe morbidity was significantly higher for infants without active antenatal management (crude OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.44-4.66). This finding persisted after adjustment for gestational age (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.19-3.62) and all confounding factors (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.09-3.20).

Conclusions:

The increased risk of severe neonatal outcomes for extremely preterm babies admitted to a NICU without optimal antenatal management should be considered in individual-level decision making and in the development of professional guidelines for the management of extremely preterm births.

Keywords:

active antenatal management antenatal corticosteroids extreme preterm births magnesium sulfate neonatal outcomes neuroprotection prematurity

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