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Oxygen Regulation in Development: Lessons from Embryogenesis towards Tissue Engineering.

Shahrzad Fathollahipour1, Pritam S Patil1, Nic D Leipzig2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|October 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Oxygen is crucial for embryonic development, regulating stem cell fate and organ formation. Controlling oxygen levels is key for tissue engineering to mimic natural developmental processes.

Keywords:
Embryonic developmentHypoxiaMorphogenesisOrganoidsOxygen bioavailabilityOxygen deliveryTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Oxygen is essential for cellular functions, metabolism, and embryonic development, including stem cell fate, morphogenesis, and organogenesis.
  • Early embryonic development thrives in low oxygen environments, promoting proliferation, while later stages require increased oxygen and nutrients for organ formation.
  • Oxygen homeostasis, regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors, is critical for maintaining appropriate oxygen levels throughout development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the critical role and precise oxygen levels required at each developmental stage for successful embryonic development.
  • To explore strategies for mimicking natural oxygen microenvironments in tissue engineering applications.
  • To address challenges of insufficient or uneven oxygen and nutrient supply in synthetic scaffolds and organoids.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the function of hypoxia-inducible factors in sensing and regulating oxygen levels in developing tissues.
  • Analyzing oxygen requirements from embryonic stem cell differentiation through organogenesis and morphogenesis.
  • Exploring biomaterial-based approaches (hemoglobin-based, perfluorocarbon-based, oxygen-generating) to control oxygen tension in tissue engineering scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Oxygen levels must be tightly regulated within specific ranges throughout embryonic development.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factors play a central role in mediating oxygen sensing and homeostasis.
  • Various biomaterials show promise for controlling oxygen microenvironments in engineered tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding developmental oxygen dynamics is vital for advancing tissue engineering.
  • Controlled oxygen supply is a key factor for successful stem cell differentiation and organ development in vitro.
  • Biomaterial strategies offer potential solutions for optimizing oxygen and nutrient delivery in engineered tissues.