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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors01:18

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

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Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Drug allergy.

Richard Warrington1, Fanny Silviu-Dan2, Tiffany Wong3

  • 11University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.

Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug allergy, a complex hypersensitivity, presents diagnostic challenges. Prompt identification and management by allergists, including drug avoidance or tolerance induction, are crucial for patient safety and effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Drug allergy involves diverse immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Adverse drug reactions impact quality of life, delay treatment, and can be fatal.
  • Accurate diagnosis is often difficult due to varied symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of drug allergy.
  • To outline diagnostic and management strategies for common drug-induced allergic reactions.
  • To emphasize the importance of specialist referral for suspected drug allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches for drug allergy.
  • Discussion of management strategies including drug avoidance, substitution, and tolerance induction.
  • Highlighting diagnostic tools such as history, physical examination, skin testing, and graded challenges.

Main Results:

  • Effective management hinges on accurate diagnosis and appropriate interventions.
  • Drug avoidance is the primary strategy; alternative medications with different structures are preferred.
  • Tolerance induction offers a temporary solution when an essential drug is indicated.

Conclusions:

  • Specialist allergist consultation is recommended for suspected drug allergies.
  • A multi-faceted approach combining diagnostic evaluation and tailored management is essential.
  • Understanding cross-reactivity and employing supportive therapies improve patient outcomes.