Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

2.7K
Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
2.7K
Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

4.9K
The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...
4.9K
Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

4.0K
Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been...
4.0K
The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

5.8K
The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
5.8K
The Intermediate Value Theorem01:25

The Intermediate Value Theorem

283
The Intermediate Value Theorem is a foundational result in calculus that guarantees the existence of solutions within certain intervals for continuous functions. Formally, the Intermediate Value Theorem states that if a function f is continuous on the closed interval [a, b], and if N is any value between f(a) and f(b), then there exists at least one c ∈ (a, b) such that f(c) = N. This theorem is instrumental in proving the existence of roots and in analyzing the behavior of continuous...
283
Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves01:20

Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves

292
Vertical curves are essential in roadway design because they provide smooth transitions between varying roadway grades. Designing vertical curves involves calculating intermediate elevations and identifying the curve's highest or lowest point, which is essential for optimal roadway performance.Intermediate elevations on a vertical curve are determined using the tangent offset method. This method considers the initial elevation at the start of the curve, the grades, and the curve's geometry. The...
292

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gephyrin Neurological Autoimmunity.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same author

Septin multimer autoantibodies in severe motor neuropathy mimicking lower motor neuron disease.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

AEGIS reveals epitope- and clone-resolved convergence of CNS B and T cell autoreactivity in ROHHAD.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes in Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Novel methods for neural IgG characterization and validation in autoimmune neurologic disorders.

Journal of immunological methods·2026
Same author

GAD65 Antibody ELISA With Extended Reportable Range: Validation and Guidance for Neurological Practice.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Imaging Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules with 2-dimensional Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy
14:23

Imaging Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules with 2-dimensional Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy

Published on: March 6, 2018

11.4K

Paraneoplastic neuronal intermediate filament autoimmunity.

Eati Basal1, Nicholas Zalewski1, Thomas J Kryzer1

  • 1From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (E.B., T.J.K., S.R.H., S.J.P., V.A.L., A.M.), Neurology (N.Z., Y.G., D.D., E.E.B., C.F.L., S.J.P., V.A.L., A.M.), and Immunology (V.A.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Neurology
|October 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic neuronal intermediate filament (NIF) autoimmunity, particularly neurofilament light (NfL)-IgG, is linked to neuroendocrine cancers and central nervous system disorders like ataxia and encephalopathy. Detection aids in diagnosing these rare paraneoplastic syndromes.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.9K
Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
10:13

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

Published on: February 10, 2016

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Imaging Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules with 2-dimensional Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy
14:23

Imaging Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules with 2-dimensional Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy

Published on: March 6, 2018

11.4K
Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications
09:29

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.9K
Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
10:13

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

Published on: February 10, 2016

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic neurological disorders can be mediated by autoantibodies targeting neuronal antigens.
  • Neuronal intermediate filament (NIF) proteins are implicated as targets in some paraneoplastic syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize paraneoplastic autoimmunity against NIF proteins.
  • To correlate NIF-immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection with specific neurological syndromes and associated cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA).
  • Autoantigens were identified via Western blot and mass spectrometry.
  • NIF specificity was confirmed using cell-based assays (CBAs) for specific NIF proteins, including neurofilament light (NfL).

Main Results:

  • NIF-IgG positivity was found in 65 patients, with a subset (21 patients) positive for NfL-IgG.
  • NfL-IgG-positive patients predominantly presented with subacute central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as cerebellar ataxia and encephalopathy.
  • A high frequency (77%) of neuroendocrine lineage cancers, including small cell and Merkel cell carcinomas, were detected in NfL-IgG-positive patients.

Conclusions:

  • Detection of NIF-IgG, particularly NfL-IgG, via IFA and CBA confirms a paraneoplastic CNS disorder.
  • This specific autoimmune profile is strongly associated with neuroendocrine neoplasia.
  • Immunotherapy showed potential benefit in a small subset of patients.