Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
08:49
Models of Bone Metastasis
Published on: September 4, 2012
43.2K
Insulin-Stimulated Bone Blood Flow and Bone Biomechanical Properties Are Compromised in Obese, Type 2 Diabetic OLETF
Rebecca K Dirkes1, Laura C Ortinau1, R Scott Rector1,2,3
1Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA.
JBMR Plus
|October 5, 2018
Summary
Type 2 diabetes impairs bone health by reducing insulin-stimulated blood flow, leading to poorer bone structure and strength. This vascular dysfunction may cause diabetic bone fragility.
Area of Science:
- Bone biology and metabolism
- Vascular function and endocrinology
- Diabetic complications
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to increased fracture risk, but mechanisms are unclear.
- Impaired bone vascular function, specifically insulin-stimulated vasodilation, is a potential but unstudied factor.
- Understanding T2D's skeletal effects is crucial for managing bone fragility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of T2D on femoral biomechanics, bone microarchitecture, and insulin-stimulated bone vasodilation.
- To compare type 2 diabetes (T2D) Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with normoglycemic controls.
- To explore the role of vascular dysfunction in T2D-related bone fragility.
Main Methods:
- Utilized hyperphagic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, inducing T2D in one group (O-T2D) and maintaining normoglycemia via caloric restriction in controls (O-CON).
- Assessed femoral biomechanical properties via torsional loading and microarchitecture using micro-computed tomography (μCT).
- Measured basal and insulin-stimulated bone blood flow using microsphere infusion in tibial and femoral sites.
Main Results:
- O-T2D rats exhibited higher body weight, fat, and glucose levels. Femoral cortical area and polar moment of inertia were increased, but tissue-level strength and stiffness were reduced.
- μCT revealed decreased bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity, with increased spacing in O-T2D rats.
- While basal blood flow was similar, insulin-stimulated bone blood flow was significantly lower in O-T2D rats compared to O-CON.
Conclusions:
- Type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced insulin-stimulated bone blood flow.
- Impaired vascular function correlates with detrimental changes in bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties.
- Vascular dysfunction may be a key contributor to skeletal fragility in type 2 diabetes.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
01:29Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones
13.8K
Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
13.8K
01:27Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery
740
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
740
01:55Bone Structure
51.8K
Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
51.8K
01:40Bone Remodeling
40.5K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.5K
01:27Compact Bone
16.6K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
16.6K