Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

9.1K
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
9.1K
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

3.5K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
3.5K
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

1.2K
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
1.2K
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

1.1K
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
1.1K
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

539
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
539
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

696
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
696

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Regenerative medicine and injection therapies in stress urinary incontinence.

Nature reviews. Urology·2020
Same author

Corrigendum to 'EAU-ESMO Consensus Statements on the Management of Advanced and Variant Bladder Cancer-An International Collaborative Multistakeholder Effort Under the Auspices of the EAU-ESMO Guidelines Committees' [European Urology 77 (2020) 223-250].

European urology·2020
Same author

An evaluation of avelumab for the treatment of genitourinary tumors.

Expert opinion on biological therapy·2020
Same author

Impact of Histopathological Prostate Inflammation on Urine-Based Prostate Cancer Prediction Using the Prostate Cancer Gene 3 Score.

Urologia internationalis·2020
Same author

European Association of Urology Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group: An Organisation-wide Collaborative Effort to Adapt the European Association of Urology Guidelines Recommendations to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era.

European urology·2020
Same author

Effect of Enzalutamide plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of the ARCHES Randomised, Placebo-controlled, Phase 3 Study.

European urology·2020
Same journal

Tranexamic acid in endoscopic enucleation of the prostate: does surgeon preference confound the protective effect?

World journal of urology·2026
Same journal

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate as salvage therapy for benign prostatic obstruction after multiple prior surgical interventions.

World journal of urology·2026
Same journal

Testing reliability of pubourethral ligament hemostat forceps support test for diagnosis of stress incontinence.

World journal of urology·2026
Same journal

Safety and efficacy of different surgical approaches in single-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomy based on propensity score matching analysis.

World journal of urology·2026
Same journal

Intrarenal pressure and clinical outcomes during suction-assisted versus conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

World journal of urology·2026
Same journal

AI-driven model for early failure prediction after HIFU integrating immediate post-ablation ultrasound and clinical data.

World journal of urology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
06:31

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique

Published on: January 10, 2013

21.4K

Can urinary biomarkers replace cystoscopy?

Moritz Maas1, Jens Bedke1, Arnulf Stenzl1

  • 1Department of Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.

World Journal of Urology
|October 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary biomarkers show promise for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) diagnosis and surveillance. While not replacing cystoscopy yet, these molecular assays may enhance current methods and reduce procedures.

Keywords:
Disease detectionFollow-upLiquid biopsyMolecular urine markersNon-muscle invasive bladder cancercfDNA

More Related Videos

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K
A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes
05:05

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

Published on: January 16, 2015

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
06:31

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique

Published on: January 10, 2013

21.4K
Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

20.2K
A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes
05:05

A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes

Published on: January 16, 2015

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) diagnosis and follow-up traditionally rely on cystoscopy and urine cytology.
  • Current surveillance methods can be invasive and may not capture the full molecular profile of the disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic and surveillance potential of urinary biomarkers for NMIBC.
  • To evaluate emerging molecular approaches, including DNA methylation, mRNA gene expression, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) assays.
  • To assess the feasibility of replacing cystoscopy with urine markers in the future.

Main Methods:

  • A non-systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Search terms included "urothelial carcinoma", "urinary marker", "hematuria", "cytology", and "bladder cancer".
  • Identified articles were evaluated for clinical relevance and study quality.

Main Results:

  • International guidelines do not currently recommend replacing cystoscopy with urine markers.
  • FDA-approved markers lack sufficient prospective randomized trial data.
  • Novel molecular assays (DNA methylation, mRNA, cfDNA) demonstrate promising accuracy and potential for personalized surveillance.
  • Ongoing trials are investigating the feasibility of reducing cystoscopies.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary markers offer a non-invasive method for molecular disease characterization in bladder cancer.
  • While full replacement of cystoscopy is unlikely soon, molecular information can augment current standards.
  • DNA, mRNA, and cfDNA assays may enable better tumor classification, potentially reducing the need for cystoscopies in surveillance.