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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Intraoperative adjuncts for parathyroid surgery.

Haggi Mazeh1, Herbert Chen1,2

  • 1a Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, H4/722 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|October 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Minimal invasive parathyroidectomy relies on preoperative imaging and intraoperative adjuncts for accurate parathyroid adenoma localization and confirmation. This review evaluates these tools to improve surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
IOPTHMIRPadjunctsfrozen sectionintraoperative PTHmethylene blueminimally invasive parathyroidectomyminimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomynerve monitoringultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrine Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Parathyroid surgery has shifted from bilateral neck exploration to minimally invasive techniques.
  • Preoperative localization imaging is crucial for identifying parathyroid adenomas.
  • Intraoperative adjuncts supplement preoperative imaging for gland localization and tissue confirmation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available intraoperative adjuncts for parathyroid surgery.
  • To critically evaluate the utility, accuracy, and added value of these adjuncts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of intraoperative adjuncts used in parathyroidectomy.
  • Critical evaluation of reported accuracy and clinical utility.
  • Analysis of varying institutional protocols and results.

Main Results:

  • Different institutions employ diverse intraoperative adjuncts with varied outcomes.
  • Adjuncts aid in localizing parathyroid glands and confirming tissue.
  • The added value of each adjunct to surgical success requires careful consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative adjuncts are vital for successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
  • Standardization and critical evaluation of adjuncts can optimize surgical precision.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive protocols for intraoperative adjunct use.