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Related Concept Videos

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

The relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function: findings from a population-based study in Jordan.

Nour Abdo1, Asma'a Alselwi1, Muna Ebbini1

  • 1Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is linked to higher rates of hypothyroidism in Jordanian adults. Screening thyroid function in individuals with low iron status is important for early detection and management.

Keywords:
Iron deficiencyJordananemiahypothyroidismpopulation-based studythyroid dysfunction

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
08:45

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Iron deficiency (ID) is a prevalent nutritional issue globally.
  • Thyroid dysfunction affects metabolic processes and overall health.
  • The relationship between ID and thyroid disorders requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between iron deficiency (ID) and thyroid dysfunction.
  • To assess thyroid function parameters in relation to iron status among Jordanian adults.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 3,605 Jordanian adults from a 2017 nationwide survey.
  • Collection of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, including serum ferritin, TSH, FT3, and FT4.
  • Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests (p < 0.05 significant).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) exhibited significantly lower FT3 and FT4 levels and higher TSH levels compared to controls.
  • The prevalence of hypothyroidism and combined hypothyroidism/subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in the IDA group.
  • No significant associations were found for hyperthyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Iron deficiency, especially IDA, is associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in Jordanian adults.
  • Findings emphasize the importance of screening thyroid function in individuals with low iron status.
  • Further longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal relationships.