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Physiological effects of Type 2 diabetes on mRNA processing and gene expression
Faer S Morrison1, Karen A Johnstone1, Lorna W Harries1,2
1a Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
High blood glucose and raised lipids in type 2 diabetes alter gene expression through various mechanisms. This gene dysregulation may worsen diabetic conditions and complications.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
- These metabolic derangements are linked to altered gene expression patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia affect gene expression in diabetes.
- To explore the role of these alterations in diabetic complications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on gene regulation in diabetes.
- Analysis of mechanisms including mRNA splicing, epigenetics, and miRNA regulation.
- Consideration of oxidative stress's role.
Main Results:
- Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia disrupt physiological gene regulation.
- Oxidative stress exacerbates these gene expression changes.
- Affected pathways include glucose/lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.
Conclusions:
- Altered gene expression in diabetes contributes to disease progression.
- These molecular changes may drive diabetic complications.
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