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[Echocardiographic profile of Congolese hypertensive patients]

M S Ikama¹, J Makani¹, B M Nsitou¹

¹Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brazzaville, BP 2234, Brazzaville, Congo.

Annales De Cardiologie Et D'Angeiologie

|October 7, 2018

Insights

Congolese hypertensive patients frequently show left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on echocardiograms. Managing hypertension effectively is key to reducing related heart disease and mortality.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Hypertension Research
Medical Imaging

Background:

Hypertension is a significant global health issue.
Understanding cardiac complications in hypertensive populations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the echocardiographic characteristics of hypertensive patients in Congo.
To identify factors predicting left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in this population.

Main Methods:

A 36-month transversal study in Brazzaville involving 1125 treated hypertensive patients.
Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for initial assessment or symptom evaluation.
Sociodemographic and echocardiographic data were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

Echocardiograms were abnormal in 52.4% of patients, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy being the most common finding (45.2%).
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was present in a significant portion, predominantly concentric (84.6%).
Predictive factors for LVH included age, male gender, income, duration of hypertension, and treatment.

Conclusions:

The echocardiographic profile of Congolese hypertensive patients is diverse, with LVH being the most prevalent abnormality.
Effective hypertension management is essential for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Further research into specific management strategies for Congolese hypertensive patients is warranted.

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Abstract

Objectives:

To assess echocardiographic aspect of Congolese hypertensive patients, and to identify predictive factors of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

Patients And Methods:

A transversal study was lead in Brazzaville from January 2011 to December 2013 (36 months). In total, 1125 hypertensive patients under treatment underwent transthoracic echocardiography. The test was carried out either as part of an initial assessment of the hypertension disease or during the development of evocative symptom or complication. Patients' sociodemographic data and echocardiographic parameters were collected and analyzed.

Results:

There were 621 males (55.2%) and 504 females (44.8%), mean age 54.7±12 years. The main indication of the test were the hypertension initial evaluation in 792 cases (70.4%), dyspnea in 122 cases (10.8%), investigation of ischemic stroke in 101 cases (9%), cardiac failure and chest pain in respectively 58 and 52 cases. 5.3±4.7 years known duration of hypertension status was associated with overweight/obesity in 829 cases (73.7%), physical inactivity in 669 cases (59.5%), hypertension family history in 540 cases (48%), diabetes mellitus in 122 cases (10.8%), dyslipidemia in 82 cases (7.3%), smoking in 29 cases (2.6%). Echocardiographic test was abnormal in 590 cases (52.4%) and showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 510 cases (45.2%), dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 46 cases (4.1%), dilated cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunction in 31 cases (2.8%), coronary artery disease in 4 cases (0.4%). LVH was concentric in 470 cases (84.6%), eccentric in 70 cases (12.6%), and in 16 cases (3%), it was a concentric left ventricular remodeling. The left ventricular's systolic ejection fraction average was 70.5±9.3%, relaxation disorders in 480 cases (42.6%). Age, male gender, income, known duration of hypertension and treatment were predictive factors of LVH.

Conclusions:

Echocardiographic profile of the Congolese hypertensive is quite various, left ventricular hypertrophy is the most predominant abnormality. Efficient management on the hypertension will lead to reduce its morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:

Congo Echocardiography Hypertension Hypertension artérielle Hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche Left ventricular hypertrophy Échocardiographie

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