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Atherosclerosis and immunity: A perspective.

Fereshte Abdolmaleki1, Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat2, Vanessa Bianconi3

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Atherosclerosis involves immune cells like macrophages, T cells, and B cells in arterial walls. Understanding these cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by lipid and immune cell accumulation in arterial walls.
  • Macrophage subtypes play diverse roles in atherosclerotic lesion development and progression.
  • Specific macrophage subtypes may indicate plaque stability or instability.
  • Adaptive immune cells, including T and B lymphocytes, are also implicated in atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
  • To highlight the crucial contributions of macrophages, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes.
  • To explore how understanding macrophage polarization can inform novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current understanding of immune cell involvement in atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of macrophage subtypes and their relation to plaque phenotype.
  • Examination of adaptive immune system components (T and B cells) in atherosclerosis progression.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages exhibit diverse subtypes critical for atherosclerotic lesion development.
  • Macrophage subtype prevalence correlates with plaque phenotype, indicating disease progression.
  • T and B lymphocytes are integral to adaptive immunity's role in atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating macrophage polarization offers potential therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis.
  • Targeting T and B cells represents a promising strategy for immune-modulating therapies against atherosclerosis.
  • A comprehensive understanding of immune cell dynamics is key to advancing atherosclerosis treatment.