[Arterial hypertension with multiple organ damage: A new entity?]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Nephrology
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Hypertensive emergency incidence remains stable or is increasing, often underdiagnosed.
• Early and specific management significantly improves patient prognosis.
• Diagnosis should not be delayed by the absence of eye damage or fundus examination access.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define and highlight the importance of managing hypertensive emergencies.
• To introduce a new definition for Multi-Organ Damage Hypertension.
• To emphasize timely diagnosis and intervention regardless of ocular findings.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on hypertensive emergencies.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria and management strategies.
• Definition of Multi-Organ Damage Hypertension based on blood pressure and target organ involvement.

Main Results:

• Hypertensive emergencies have a stable or increasing incidence, with many cases being underdiagnosed.
• Effective management is crucial for improving prognosis.
• Multi-Organ Damage Hypertension is defined by a sudden, persistent blood pressure rise without a specific threshold, affecting at least three target organs (brain, heart, kidney, endothelium) or causing ocular involvement.

Conclusions:

• Prompt diagnosis and management of hypertensive emergencies are critical for better outcomes.
• The absence of ocular findings should not impede the diagnosis of hypertensive emergency.
• Multi-Organ Damage Hypertension represents a severe hypertensive state requiring immediate attention and intervention.