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Noble Gases02:54

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The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
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Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
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Quantum Anomaly and 2D-3D Crossover in Strongly Interacting Fermi Gases.

T Peppler1, P Dyke1, M Zamorano1

  • 1Centre for Quantum and Optical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|October 9, 2018
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Summary

We studied collective oscillations in Fermi gases as they transition from 2D to 3D. Our findings provide evidence for a quantum anomaly in two-dimensional systems, challenging simple interaction models.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Quantum Gases
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Collective oscillations in trapped quantum gases provide insights into their thermodynamic properties.
  • The transition from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) systems offers a unique platform to study dimensionality effects on quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate collective oscillations, specifically the breathing mode, in harmonically trapped Fermi gases across the 2D to 3D crossover.
  • To probe the equation of state and explore the impact of tunable interactions and dimensionality on system dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of the radial monopole oscillation (breathing mode) frequency in highly oblate Fermi gases.
  • Tuning interatomic interactions and atom number to control the chemical potential and explore the 2D to 3D crossover.
  • Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions, including scale-invariant models and quantum anomaly considerations.

Main Results:

  • Breathing mode frequencies were measured in Fermi gases transitioning from 2D to 3D.
  • Measurements deep in the 2D regime exceeded the prediction of scale-invariant dynamical scaling, providing evidence for a quantum anomaly.
  • The observed frequencies demonstrate a smooth evolution between the 2D and 3D thermodynamic limits as atom number is varied.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental results indicate a breakdown of the elementary delta-potential model for atomic interactions in the 2D regime.
  • The study provides evidence for the quantum anomaly in 2D Fermi gases, highlighting the importance of quantum effects and renormalized interactions.
  • The work establishes a connection between collective oscillation frequencies and the thermodynamic equation of state across different dimensions.