Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

8.7K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
8.7K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

3.1K
3.1K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

2.7K
2.7K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

7.4K
Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
7.4K
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

2.6K
2.6K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

1.2K
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High thresholds encouraging the evolution of cooperation in threshold public-good games.

Scientific reports·2020
Same author

Adversity and cooperation in heterogeneous pairs.

Scientific reports·2019
Same author

By-product mutualism with evolving common enemies.

Journal of theoretical biology·2017
Same author

Harsh environments and the evolution of multi-player cooperation.

Theoretical population biology·2016
Same author

By-product mutualism and the ambiguous effects of harsher environments - A game-theoretic model.

Journal of theoretical biology·2016
Same author

Economic principles in communication: an experimental study.

Journal of theoretical biology·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance
06:36

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance

Published on: June 11, 2019

11.4K

Harsh environments: Multi-player cooperation with excludability and congestion.

Kris De Jaegher1

  • 1Utrecht University School of Economics, Utrecht University, Kriekenpitplein 21-22, 3584EC Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|October 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Organisms may cooperate more in harsh environments, but this depends on the type of good produced. This study clarifies how excludable or congestible goods, unlike public goods, create predictable cooperation effects.

Keywords:
By-product mutualismCharity goodsClub goodsCommon enemiesMulti-player games

More Related Videos

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
10:08

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

1.4K
A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions
15:30

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

Published on: August 5, 2020

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance
06:36

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance

Published on: June 11, 2019

11.4K
Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
10:08

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

1.4K
A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions
15:30

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

Published on: August 5, 2020

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Game Theory
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • The common-enemy hypothesis suggests harsher environments promote cooperation.
  • Previous models focused on pure public goods, yielding ambiguous environmental effects on cooperation.
  • Real-world collective goods are often excludable or congestible, necessitating a refined model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how excludability and congestibility of collective goods influence cooperation under harsh environmental conditions.
  • To resolve the ambiguity in the common-enemy hypothesis for pure public goods.
  • To generate testable hypotheses for by-product mutualism.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of cooperation dynamics.
  • Analysis of collective goods categorized by excludability and congestibility (public, club, charity goods).
  • Examination of environmental effects on cooperation probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Unambiguous environmental effects on cooperation emerge with excludable and/or congestible goods.
  • Club goods (excluding defectors) predict a competing effect (reduced cooperation in harsher environments).
  • Charity goods (excluding cooperators) predict a common-enemy effect (increased cooperation in harsher environments).

Conclusions:

  • The nature of the collective good (excludable/congestible) systematically predicts cooperation responses to environmental harshness.
  • Contrasting predictions for public, club, and charity goods offer testable avenues for the common-enemy hypothesis.
  • Findings refine our understanding of cooperation's evolutionary underpinnings in by-product mutualism.