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The Relationship Between Executive Function Deficits and DSM-5-Defined ADHD Symptoms
Michael J Silverstein1,2, Stephen V Faraone3, Terry L Leon2
1Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Journal of Attention Disorders
|October 10, 2018
Summary
Adult ADHD symptoms are strongly linked to executive function deficits. The Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) can help identify individuals with both adult ADHD and executive dysfunction.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder impacting executive functions.
- Executive Function Deficits (EFDs) are common in adults with ADHD, affecting daily functioning.
- The Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) is a tool used for assessing adult ADHD symptoms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the association between core ADHD symptoms and EFDs.
- To characterize ADHD in individuals with executive dysfunction.
- To assess the predictive accuracy of the AISRS in identifying adult ADHD and EFDs.
Main Methods:
- Pooled data from referred and primary care samples.
- Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and binary logistic regressions.
- Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the AISRS.
Main Results:
- ADHD inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (H-I) symptoms showed moderate to strong correlations with EFDs.
- Both IA and H-I symptoms were highly predictive of EFDs.
- An AISRS 18-item score of 28 or higher was the most effective predictor of clinical EFDs.
Conclusions:
- ADHD symptoms are significantly correlated with and predictive of EFDs in adults.
- Clinicians should screen adults diagnosed with ADHD for co-occurring EFDs.
- Monitoring EFD improvement alongside ADHD symptoms is recommended in treatment.
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