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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Subliminal Perception01:15

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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Perception01:28

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
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Efficient Neural Coding in Auditory and Speech Perception.

Judit Gervain1, Maria N Geffen2

  • 1Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS, Paris, France.

Trends in Neurosciences
|October 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Our auditory system efficiently encodes speech, matching its statistical properties to neural response patterns. This optimal neural coding explains why speech is perceived as special.

Keywords:
auditory perceptionefficient neural codinginformation theoryspeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Speech Processing

Background:

  • Speech is uniquely processed by the human brain.
  • The theory of efficient neural coding posits that sensory systems evolve to optimally encode stimuli.
  • Optimal coding aligns with the statistical properties of the signals being encoded.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the human auditory system employs efficient neural coding for speech.
  • To determine if the statistical properties of speech match the response characteristics of auditory pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the statistical properties of speech signals.
  • Examination of response properties in the cochlea, auditory nerve, and auditory cortex.
  • Comparison of speech statistics with neural encoding efficiency models.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence indicates that the auditory code for speech is mathematically optimal.
  • Statistical features of speech align closely with the response properties of the cochlea.
  • Similar alignments were observed in the auditory nerve and auditory cortex response properties.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory system has evolved an efficient, optimal neural code for speech.
  • This efficient coding mechanism is a key reason for speech's 'special' status in perception.
  • Findings may link to broader phenomena in auditory and speech perception.