Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
Published on: May 23, 2025
The effectiveness of erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser on enamel conditioning: An In vitro study
1Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
Objectives:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of three different enamel surface conditioning procedures on the bonding strength of two resin-based filled fissure sealants.
Material And Methods:
Freshly extracted, 48 third molar teeth were used in this study. Teeth were randomly divided into three main groups as the phosphoric acid etched, erbium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (ER: YAG) laser etched, and the phosphoric acid plus ER: YAG laser-etched groups. The main groups further divided into two subgroups as Clinpro or Fissurit FX applied. After preparation of the enamel surfaces and application of the sealants, the samples were subjected to shear bond strength test.
Results:
According to statistical analysis with one-way ANOVA, the bonding strength values of the phosphoric acid groups were found significantly higher than those values obtained from the ER: YAG laser and ER: YAG laser plus phosphoric acid groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
As a result of the study, it has been concluded that the laser application alone has no additional benefit to the acid application in terms of bonding strength.
Related Concept Videos
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Buffer Effectiveness
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
Framing Effects
Conditions on Early Earth
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov observed that dogs...
Conditions of Equilibrium
Internal forces are not considered for conditions of equilibrium because they occur in equal and opposite pairs within the body, effectively canceling each other. As a result,...

