Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 4, 2026
09:34
Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
Published on: December 4, 2016
28.8K
Green Procurement Relationships Development under Carbon Emissions Regulations: A Bi-Level Programming Approach.
Xiao-Ying Bao1, Lei Zhang2,3
1College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China. baoxiaoying205@163.com.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 11, 2018
Summary
Manufacturers prefer multiple suppliers for flexibility in green supply chains. Stable supplies and large orders reduce supplier carbon emissions, promoting a greener supply chain.
Area of Science:
- Operations Research
- Supply Chain Management
- Environmental Economics
Background:
- Green procurement is crucial for sustainable supply chains.
- Manufacturers face challenges in selecting suppliers and managing raw material sourcing.
- Carbon taxes incentivize emission reductions in industrial operations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model a green procurement relationship between manufacturers and suppliers using a Stackelberg game.
- To develop a bi-level programming model incorporating a carbon tax scheme.
- To analyze the impact of sourcing strategies on operational costs and carbon emissions.
Main Methods:
- A multi-period Stackelberg game framework was employed.
- A mixed binary linear bi-level programming model was formulated.
- Two lemmas were utilized to simplify the model into a single-level linear program.
Main Results:
- Manufacturers favor multiple sourcing strategies for enhanced flexibility.
- Suppliers benefit from stable supplies and large order volumes, leading to reduced carbon emissions.
- The model provides insights into optimizing green procurement under a carbon tax.
Conclusions:
- Multiple sourcing enhances supply chain resilience and cost-efficiency.
- Collaborative strategies between manufacturers and suppliers can significantly reduce the environmental impact of supply chains.
- The study demonstrates a viable approach for greener supply chain management.
Related Concept Videos
02:39Emission Spectra
76.3K
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
76.3K
02:12Relationship Formation
46.2K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
46.2K
01:14The Carbon Cycle
43.8K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
43.8K
01:28Ending Relationships
189
The dissolution of intimate relationships presents complex emotional and psychological challenges, particularly when emotional bonds are strong, the relationship is long-standing, and perceived alternatives are limited. This distress often intensifies in romantic breakups, where the initiator may experience greater turmoil than the rejected partner. Contributing factors include residual attachment, guilt over causing pain, and uncertainty about how to manage the situation. The stress is further...
189
01:12Carbon Skeletons
115.1K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
115.1K
01:21Green Algae
824
Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
824