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Steroids in Stroke with Special Reference to Progesterone.

Rachida Guennoun1, Xiaoyan Zhu2,3, Magalie Fréchou2

  • 1U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud and University Paris-Saclay, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. rachida.guennoun@inserm.fr.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
|October 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Steroid hormones, particularly progesterone, show cerebroprotective potential in ischemic stroke. Understanding sex differences and progesterone receptors (PR) is key to enhancing these natural protective mechanisms against neural cell death.

Keywords:
AgingCerebral ischemiaCerebroprotectionNeuroprotectionProgesterone receptorsSex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Stroke Research

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke causes neural cell death, but the brain has endogenous protective mechanisms.
  • Sex and steroid hormones significantly influence stroke outcomes and recovery.
  • Steroids may play a role in the brain's natural defense against ischemic injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review sex differences and steroid hormone influence in stroke.
  • To present findings on endogenous steroid level changes post-stroke in mice.
  • To highlight the role of progesterone and its receptors in cerebroprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sex differences and steroid hormones in stroke.
  • Analysis of endogenous steroid levels in male and female mouse brains.
  • Evaluation of experimental studies on progesterone's effects and progesterone receptor signaling.

Main Results:

  • Differential changes in endogenous steroid levels observed between male and female mice post-stroke.
  • Progesterone receptors (PR) are crucial in the early stroke phase.
  • Progesterone demonstrates pleiotropic beneficial effects and cerebroprotective potential.

Conclusions:

  • Progesterone offers promising cerebroprotection in ischemic stroke.
  • Progesterone receptor signaling is a key mechanism for stroke protection.
  • Reinforcing endogenous protective mechanisms, like those involving progesterone, is a viable therapeutic strategy.