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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Reduced Stroop interference under stress: Decreased cue utilisation, not increased executive control.

Robert W Booth1

  • 1Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stress reduces Stroop interference by decreasing cue utilization, not by enhancing executive functions like inhibition or conflict adaptation. This effect holds even without congruent trials, supporting the attentional withdrawal explanation.

Keywords:
Stroop interferencecue utilisationexecutive controlstress

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Stress and anxiety often impair cognitive control and performance.
  • Previous research indicates stress reduces Stroop interference, a phenomenon not fully explained.
  • The traditional 'cue utilization' hypothesis suggests stress withdraws attention from distractors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which stress affects Stroop interference.
  • To test whether stress enhances executive control (distracter inhibition, conflict adaptation) or reduces cue utilization.
  • To determine if stress-induced reduction in Stroop interference occurs independently of congruent trials.

Main Methods:

  • 59 students performed a Stroop task under high-stress (loud sounds) and low-stress (quiet sounds) conditions.
  • Measured standard Stroop interference, negative priming, and conflict adaptation.
  • Included trials without congruent color-word pairings.

Main Results:

  • Stress significantly reduced Stroop interference.
  • Stress did not affect negative priming or conflict adaptation.
  • The reduction in Stroop interference was observed even in the absence of congruent trials.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the 'cue utilization' account of stress effects on Stroop performance.
  • Stress reduces Stroop interference by withdrawing attentional resources from distractors.
  • The effect of stress on Stroop interference is independent of strategic adjustments related to congruent trials.