Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.3K

Time-Resolved Autoantibody Profiling Facilitates Stratification of Preclinical Type 1 Diabetes in Children

David Endesfelder1, Wolfgang Zu Castell2,3, Ezio Bonifacio4,5

  • 1Scientific Computing Research Unit, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.

Diabetes
|October 12, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Children developing multiple islet autoantibodies show varied type 1 diabetes progression. A novel algorithm identified distinct risk groups, aiding the search for disease causes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes progression varies in children with islet autoantibodies.
  • Autoantibody patterns may influence disease progression and etiology.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for predicting and preventing type 1 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model complex longitudinal autoantibody profiles in children.
  • To identify clusters of autoantibody profiles associated with distinct type 1 diabetes progression.
  • To explore potential etiological factors linked to specific autoantibody patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel wavelet-based algorithm to analyze longitudinal autoantibody data.
  • Clustered autoantibody profiles from 600 children in the TEDDY birth cohort study.
  • Followed participants prospectively for a median of 6.5 years, monitoring for clinical type 1 diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct clusters of autoantibody profiles with varying 5-year progression rates to clinical diabetes (6% to 84%).
  • Children with early-onset, stable insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and insulinoma-associated antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) had the highest diabetes risk.
  • Lack of stable GAD autoantibodies (GADA) was associated with more boys and lower HLA-DR3 allele frequency.

Conclusions:

  • A novel algorithm refines classification of autoantibody-positive children, revealing distinct type 1 diabetes progression pathways.
  • This approach offers new avenues for investigating type 1 diabetes etiology and complex mechanisms.
  • Specific autoantibody profiles, particularly early IAA and IA-2A, are strong predictors of rapid disease progression.

More Related Videos

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies09:15

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies

Published on: March 23, 2018

16.1K
A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes05:18

A Protocol for Constructing a Rat Wound Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Published on: February 17, 2023

5.8K

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.4K
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
148.1K
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
18.7K
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.6K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K