[Possible surgical approaches to the orbit]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurosurgery
• Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

• Orbital surgery encompasses tumor removal, foreign body extraction, inflammatory disease treatment, and orbital fracture repair.
• Recent advancements in understanding orbital diseases, endoscopic/microscopic techniques, imaging, and adjuvant therapies have refined surgical approaches.
• The trend is towards less invasive procedures, particularly minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review commonly applied surgical approaches for orbital conditions.
• To highlight indications, potential complications, and focus on minimally invasive techniques.
• To provide practical tips and review current literature on orbital surgery.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on orbital surgical techniques.
• Description of various surgical approaches, emphasizing minimally invasive options.
• Discussion of indications, complications, and interdisciplinary treatment contexts.

Main Results:

• Modern orbital surgery emphasizes reduced invasiveness through advancements in technology and understanding.
• Minimally invasive approaches provide comprehensive access to orbital structures ('round the clock access').
• Various techniques are available for diverse orbital pathologies, often requiring interdisciplinary collaboration.

Conclusions:

• Minimally invasive surgical approaches are increasingly standard for orbital conditions.
• These techniques offer improved outcomes and reduced morbidity for patients.
• Continued research and technological advancements will further refine orbital surgery.