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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery
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3D Printing in Spine Surgery.

Hong Cai1, Zhongjun Liu2, Feng Wei1

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing in spine surgery has advanced significantly, offering cost-effective vertebral models for surgical planning and education. Future applications include personalized implants and biomaterials.

Keywords:
3D printingDevelopmental trendNavigation templatePersonalized implantSpine surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • 3D printing technology has seen substantial progress in spine surgery over the last five years.
  • Vertebral skeleton model printing is widely adopted due to its simplicity and low cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical applications and advancements of 3D printing in spine surgery.
  • To highlight the value of 3D printed models in education, diagnosis, patient communication, and surgical planning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical applications of 3D printing in spine surgery.
  • Development of 3D printed vertebral models and navigation templates for internal fixation.

Main Results:

  • 3D printed vertebral models are valuable for clinical education, auxiliary diagnosis, patient communication, and surgical approach planning.
  • Navigation templates designed from 3D printed models improve internal fixation screw accuracy.
  • Significant clinical effects have been observed with these applications.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing is revolutionizing spine surgery through applications like vertebral models and navigation templates.
  • Future expectations include the clinical use of 3D printed microporous metal implants, personalized implants, and biological materials.