Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

79.8K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
79.8K
Scaling01:26

Scaling

594
In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
594
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

16.8K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
16.8K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

2.9K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.9K
Complex Numbers01:29

Complex Numbers

310
The real number system cannot represent the square root of a negative number, which restricts solutions for certain equations, such as quadratics with negative discriminants. To address this, the complex number system was developed, introducing the imaginary unit i, where i = √(-1). This extension allows for the representation of all roots, including those involving negative radicands.A complex number is written in the form x + yi, where x and y are real numbers. Here, x represents the...
310
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

18.5K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
18.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: A 90-Year-Old Enigma Shaping the Future of Structural Enzymology.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same author

Cryo-electron microscopy fuels the architectural characterization of cellular metabolism.

FEBS letters·2026
Same author

Higher-order structural organization of mitochondrial metabolism.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

Direct evidence of acid-driven protein desolvation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Cryo-EM structure of photosystem II supercomplex from a green microalga with extreme phototolerance.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Systematic analyses of lipid mobilization by human lipid transfer proteins.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Intra- and inter-biosynthetic gene cluster allelic variation as drivers of chemical diversification in Streptomyces.

Essays in biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Considering internal conflict in the face of natural product biosynthesis and biosynthetic gene cluster evolution.

Essays in biochemistry·2026
Same journal

The plant holobiont: integrating molecular priming and ecological legacies for climate-adaptive immunity.

Essays in biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Bacterial-fungal interactions: connections and consequences.

Essays in biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Invasive plasmids as ecosystem engineers-from mechanism to application.

Essays in biochemistry·2026
Same journal

From early defence priming to lasting memory: developmental and seasonal dynamics in trees.

Essays in biochemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
09:14

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

12.7K

Enzymatic complexes across scales.

Panagiotis L Kastritis1,2, Anne-Claude Gavin3

  • 1Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.

Essays in Biochemistry
|October 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances allow integrating 100 years of enzyme research, revealing their complex cellular roles beyond traditional views. New methods bridge structural and cellular analyses for metabolic pathways.

Keywords:
electron microscopyenzymologyglycolysisprotein-protein interactions

More Related Videos

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

5.7K
Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine
09:14

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

12.7K
Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

5.7K
Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Traditional enzyme research provides limited understanding of their in vivo functions.
  • Enzymes exhibit complex behaviors including self-association, membrane binding, and participation in organelles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate historical in vitro enzyme research with modern visualization techniques.
  • To bridge structural, molecular, and cellular analyses of metabolic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of traditional and emerging concepts in cellular biochemistry.
  • Discussion of new opportunities in multi-resolution analyses of enzymatic complexes.

Main Results:

  • Enzymes function dynamically within cellular environments, forming diverse assemblies.
  • Modern visualization techniques offer closer-to-native insights into biomolecular machine architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating diverse analytical levels is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of enzyme function.
  • New approaches enhance our ability to study metabolic pathways and enzymatic complexes in situ.