[Orbital complications].

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Orbital complications involve disease spread to orbital structures, more common in children.
• Causes include trauma, inflammation, allergies, and autoimmune conditions.
• Existing terminology like 'orbital phlegmon' can be confusing and requires refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review orbital complications, covering etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies.
• To analyze recent literature and authors' patient data.
• To emphasize accurate grading and interdisciplinary diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature on orbital complications.
• Analysis of patient data from the authors' clinical experience.
• Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on etiology.

Main Results:

• Orbital complications stem from diverse causes, with acute sinusitis and hemorrhage being significant.
• Conservative treatment is suitable for preseptal inflammation; surgery is vital for vision-threatening conditions.
• Urgent surgical decompression is necessary for acute orbital hemorrhage to reduce intra-orbital pressure.

Conclusions:

• Accurate grading and clear terminology are essential for managing orbital complications.
• Interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly with ophthalmologists, is critical for optimal outcomes.
• Treatment must be tailored to the specific cause, ranging from conservative measures to emergency surgery.