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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

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While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
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Atomic Weight01:25

Atomic Weight

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Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and...
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Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

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Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
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Apparent Weight01:09

Apparent Weight

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True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its true weight. Similar observations can be made when the object is submerged in water. An object's weight in water is its apparent weight, which is equal to the difference between its true weight and the buoyant forces.
Consider a person standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. If the scale is accurate at rest, its reading equals the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
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Quantitative Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging.

Ricardo Donners1, Matthew Blackledge2, Nina Tunariu3

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, Basel 4031, Switzerland.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|October 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI offers a noninvasive method for assessing systemic bone disease. This technique quantifies total diffusion volume (tDV) and global apparent diffusion coefficient (gADC) as imaging biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response.

Keywords:
DWIDiffusionMR ImagingQuantitativeWhole body

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Oncology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) is increasingly utilized for systemic bone disease.
  • It excels at highlighting cellular tumors and suppressing normal tissue signals.
  • This facilitates quantitative assessment of disease burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate WB-DWI's potential as a noninvasive imaging biomarker.
  • To assess the utility of total diffusion volume (tDV) and global apparent diffusion coefficient (gADC) measurements.
  • To determine if these parameters can inform disease prognosis and therapy response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large field-of-view functional imaging.
  • Quantified total disease burden using total diffusion volume (tDV).
  • Measured global apparent diffusion coefficient (gADC).

Main Results:

  • WB-DWI effectively highlights cellular tumors.
  • tDV and gADC provide quantitative estimates of disease burden.
  • These parameters demonstrated repeatability and indicated tumor heterogeneity and treatment effects.

Conclusions:

  • tDV and gADC are repeatable quantitative parameters derived from WB-DWI.
  • These imaging biomarkers show potential for informing disease prognosis.
  • WB-DWI offers a promising noninvasive approach for assessing systemic bone disease and treatment response.