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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide
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Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide

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Molybdenum-Containing Enzymes.

Dimitri Niks1, Russ Hille2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern techniques for preparing and studying molybdenum-containing enzymes have advanced significantly. Recent methods address challenges in characterizing these complex metalloenzymes.

Keywords:
AnaerobiosisDMSO reductaseMolybdenum enzymesSulfite oxidaseXanthine oxidase

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Bioinorganic Chemistry
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Molybdenum-containing enzymes are crucial for various biological processes.
  • Studying these enzymes presents unique biochemical and biophysical challenges.
  • Advancements in analytical techniques are essential for understanding enzyme function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of contemporary methods for molybdenum-containing enzyme preparation.
  • To highlight recent characterization techniques for these enzymes.
  • To focus on methods developed to overcome specific research difficulties.

Main Methods:

  • Spectroscopic techniques (EPR, UV-Vis, X-ray absorption)
  • Electrochemical methods
  • Proteomic and genetic approaches
  • Crystallographic studies

Main Results:

  • Recent innovations facilitate the isolation and purification of sensitive molybdenum-cofactor-containing enzymes.
  • Advanced spectroscopic and structural methods enable detailed mechanistic investigations.
  • New methodologies improve the characterization of molybdenum oxidation states and coordination environments.

Conclusions:

  • The described modern methods enhance the study of molybdenum-containing enzymes.
  • These techniques are vital for elucidating the roles of molybdenum in biological systems.
  • Continued methodological development will further advance our understanding of metalloenzyme mechanisms.