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Word selectivity in high-level visual cortex and reading skill.

Emily C Kubota1, Sung Jun Joo2, Elizabeth Huber1

  • 1Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|October 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As children learn to read, the brain fine-tunes word selectivity in the visual word form area (VWFA). This tuning is crucial for skilled reading, as struggling readers show high object responses, not low word responses.

Keywords:
DevelopmentDyslexiaFusiform face area (FFA)Visual word form area (VWFA)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Word-selective neural responses emerge in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) during reading acquisition.
  • The visual word form area (VWFA) is thought to arise from competition with other visual categories.
  • This competition may change VOTC topography to support rapid word recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that competition between words and objects is resolved as reading skill develops.
  • To examine the relationship between word and object responses in the VOTC in relation to reading ability.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study VOTC responses in children.
  • The VWFA was defined using a words > objects contrast and a words > faces contrast.
  • Word selectivity for objects was measured and correlated with reading skill.

Main Results:

  • Skilled readers exhibited a distinct region in VOTC responding more to words than objects.
  • Word selectivity in the VWFA strongly correlated with reading skill.
  • Struggling readers showed high object responses in the VWFA, rather than a lack of word response.

Conclusions:

  • The fine-tuning of word-selective responses in the VOTC is essential for developing skilled reading.
  • Competition resolution in VOTC contributes to reading proficiency.
  • Understanding these neural mechanisms can inform reading intervention strategies.