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Structural Covariance Analysis Reveals Differences Between Dancers and Untrained Controls.

Falisha J Karpati1,2, Chiara Giacosa1,3, Nicholas E V Foster1,4

  • 1International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|October 16, 2018
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Summary

Expert dancers show altered brain structure, with reduced connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the rest of the brain. This brain plasticity is linked to better performance in dance-related tasks.

Keywords:
dancedorsolateral prefrontal cortexgray mattermusicstructural covariance

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Expert dancers and musicians exhibit distinct brain structures compared to untrained individuals.
  • Structural covariance (SC) analysis reveals insights into training-associated brain plasticity by examining interregional gray matter (GM) relationships.
  • Understanding these structural differences is crucial for comprehending skill acquisition and neural adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the structural covariance (SC) of cortical thickness (CT) between expert dancers, expert musicians, and untrained controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between SC patterns and performance on dance- and music-related tasks.
  • To elucidate the neural underpinnings of expertise in dancers and musicians.

Main Methods:

  • Structural covariance (SC) analysis was employed to compare gray matter (GM) structure.
  • Cortical thickness (CT) was measured across the brains of expert dancers, expert musicians, and control participants.
  • Performance on dance- and music-related tasks was assessed and correlated with SC findings.

Main Results:

  • Dancers exhibited a reduced correlation between CT in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and mean CT across the whole brain compared to controls.
  • This reduced SC between the left DLPFC and global CT in dancers was associated with higher performance on a dance video game task.
  • Findings suggest structural decoupling of the left DLPFC in dancers, potentially influenced more by local training factors.

Conclusions:

  • The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) appears structurally decoupled in expert dancers.
  • This neural characteristic may be more sensitive to local, training-specific factors rather than global brain influences.
  • The study enhances understanding of structural brain connectivity, training-induced plasticity, and their behavioral correlates in dance and music expertise.