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Clock Walking and Gender: How Circular Movements Influence Arithmetic Calculations.

Luisa Lugli¹, Stefania D'Ascenzo¹, Anna M Borghi^2,3

¹Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychology

|October 16, 2018

Summary

Body movement influences arithmetic. Circular motion aids additions in active, male participants, suggesting embodied cognition links movement and math, with potential gender differences.

Keywords:

arithmetical calculations body motion circular motion embodied cognition gender differences

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Embodied Cognition

Background:

Established bidirectional link between numerical cognition and action processes.
Prior research indicates vertical/horizontal body movement aids arithmetic (additions/subtractions).
Congruence effects observed: operation type matches movement direction (vertical axis); horizontal axis shows effect only for additions.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the influence of unexplored circular motion on counting.
Examine active (walking) versus passive (wheelchair) circular movement.
Explore potential gender differences in embodied numerical cognition.

Main Methods:

Participants performed counting tasks (adding/subtracting 'three') during circular motion.
Circular motion executed clockwise/counterclockwise in active and passive modalities.
Data analyzed for congruence effects between operation, movement, modality, and gender.

Main Results:

A congruence effect was found for additions performed in the active modality.
This effect was significant only in male participants.
Circular motion's impact on counting differs based on modality and gender.

Conclusions:

Results support embodied cognition theories, linking physical movement to mathematical processing.
Findings suggest gender differences in the embodiment of mathematical skills.
Further research needed to fully understand circular motion's role and gender-specific effects.