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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Room temperature Fe2+:Cd1-xMnxTe laser generating at 5.4-6  μm.

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    Researchers achieved six-micrometer laser generation at room temperature using iron (Fe2+)-doped cadmium manganese telluride (Cd1-xMnxTe) crystals. Increasing manganese content shifted laser output spectra to longer wavelengths, demonstrating tunable laser properties.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state laser physics
    • Materials science
    • Infrared optics

    Background:

    • Developing new laser sources is crucial for various scientific and technological applications.
    • Transition metal-doped II-VI semiconductors offer potential for mid-infrared laser generation.
    • Previous research has explored Fe-doped II-VI materials, but room-temperature six-micrometer lasing remained unachieved.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate, for the first time, six-micrometer laser generation at room temperature.
    • To investigate the effect of manganese (Mn) concentration on the laser properties of Fe2+:Cd1-xMnxTe.
    • To explore the tunability of laser output spectra based on material composition.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of Fe2+-doped Cd1-xMnxTe solid-solution crystals with varying Mn concentrations (x=0.1 to 0.76).
    • Characterization of optical properties, including absorption and fluorescence spectra.
    • Experimental setup for laser generation using a pump source and analysis of laser output parameters (wavelength, energy).

    Main Results:

    • Successful room-temperature laser generation at approximately six micrometers was achieved using Fe2+:Cd1-xMnxTe.
    • Increasing Mn content resulted in a significant long-wavelength shift of absorption, fluorescence, and laser output spectra (approx. 60 nm per 10% Mn).
    • Maximum output energies reached up to 30 μJ, with tunable laser oscillation wavelengths ranging from 5400 nm to 6000 nm.

    Conclusions:

    • Fe2+-doped Cd1-xMnxTe is a viable active medium for room-temperature six-micrometer laser generation.
    • The laser performance and output wavelength are highly tunable by adjusting the Mn concentration.
    • This work opens new avenues for developing compact and tunable mid-infrared laser sources.