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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

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Very early versus delayed mobilisation after stroke.

Peter Langhorne1, Janice M Collier, Patricia J Bate

  • 1Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, ICAMS, University of Glasgow, Level 2, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, G31 2ER.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Very early mobilisation (VEM) after stroke, starting within 48 hours, did not improve survival or recovery rates. While VEM may slightly reduce hospital stays, it might also increase risks for some patients, warranting further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Very early mobilisation (VEM) is a strategy implemented in some stroke units and recommended in clinical guidelines.
  • The independent impact of VEM on post-stroke recovery outcomes remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if VEM, initiated within 48 hours of acute stroke onset, enhances recovery compared to usual care.
  • Primary focus on improving the proportion of independent survivors post-stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of multiple electronic databases and trial registers up to August 2017.
  • Inclusion of nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2958 participants comparing VEM with usual care.
  • Primary outcome: death or poor outcome (dependency/institutionalisation); secondary outcomes included ADL, complications, and length of stay.

Main Results:

  • VEM likely resulted in similar or slightly higher rates of death or poor outcome (51% vs 49%; OR 1.08).
  • A potential reduction in hospital length of stay was observed (MD -1.44 days), though based on low-quality evidence.
  • Low-quality evidence suggested that mobilisation around 24 hours post-stroke was associated with the lowest odds of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • VEM, typically initiated within 24 hours, did not improve survival or functional recovery in acute stroke patients.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential increased risks with VEM initiated within 24 hours, necessitating further investigation.
  • Additional research is required to clarify the precise effects and optimal timing of early mobilisation after stroke.