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Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the late preterm infant

Melissa Woythaler1

  • 1Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|October 17, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Late preterm infants face higher risks for developmental issues and death. This review examines their neurodevelopmental outcomes from birth through adulthood, highlighting increased risks.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Late preterm infants (340/7-366/7 weeks gestation) experience higher morbidity and mortality than full-term infants.
  • Existing research suggests potential long-term neurodevelopmental challenges for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize available literature on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of late preterm infants from birth to adulthood.
  • To identify specific risks and areas of concern in the development of these infants.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of outcome studies focusing on late preterm infants.
  • Analysis of data concerning developmental, behavioral, social, and medical outcomes.
  • Examination of mortality rates in relation to gestational age.

Main Results:

  • Late preterm infants are at increased risk for developmental disabilities.
  • Higher rates of school failure, behavioral problems, and social/medical disabilities are observed.
  • Increased mortality risk is a significant concern compared to full-term infants.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm birth is associated with a spectrum of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes across the lifespan.
  • Further research is crucial to understand and mitigate these risks, given the high prevalence of late preterm births.
  • Even minor developmental differences can have significant long-term educational and societal consequences.

Keywords:
Developmental disabilitiesDevelopmental outcomesFollow-up studiesInfant newbornPostnatal developmentPremature birthPremature infant

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